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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Nickel – Ni

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Nickel is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Nickel. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Nickel Menu

• Nickel Page One
  • Overview of Nickel
  • Nickel's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Nickel
  • Chemical Properties of Nickel
  • Physical Properties of Nickel
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Nickel Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Nickel Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Nickel

Overview of Nickel

• Atomic Number:28
• Group: 10
• Period: 4
• Series: Transition Metals

Nickel's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Niccolum
• Czech: Nikl
• Croatian: Nikal
• French: Nickel
• German: Nickel - r
• Italian: Nichel
• Norwegian: Nikkel
• Portuguese: Niquel
• Russian:
• Spanish: Níquel
• Swedish: Nickel

Atomic Structure of Nickel

• Atomic Radius: 1.62Å
• Atomic Volume: 6.59cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.15Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)_a/barns: 4.49
• Crystal Structure: Cubic face centered

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d⁸ 4s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,16,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.69Å
• Filling Orbital: 3d⁸
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 28
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 31
• Number of Protons: 28
• Oxidation States: 2,3
• Valence Electrons: 3d⁸ 4s²

Chemical Properties of Nickel

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.095g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 5.15eV
• Electronegativity: 1.91 (Pauling); 1.75 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 17.47kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Strong acids, sulfur, selenium, wood & other combustibles, nickel nitrate

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 7.635
  • Second: 18.168
  • Third: 35.17
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 42

Physical Properties of Nickel

• Atomic Mass Average: 58.6934
• Boiling Point: 3005K 2732°C 4950°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 13.3E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.143 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 0.907 W/cmK

• Density: 8.9g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  A silvery-white transition metal that is malleable and ductile. Nickel resists corrosion but is soluble in acids. It is, however, unaffected by alkalis.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 180/GPa
  • Rigidity: 76/GPa
  • Youngs: 200/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 422.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 17.57 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 371.8 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Combustible Solid
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 700 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 4
  • Vickers: 638 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 370.4kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 1726K 1453°C 2647°F
  
• Molar Volume: 6.59 cm³/mole
• Optical Reflectivity: 72%
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.44J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 237Pa@1453°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-02-0
• RTECS: QR5950000 (metal)
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • TWA: 1 mg/m³
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 1 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 0.015 mg/m³
  • IDLH: 10 mg/m³ (Potential NIOSH carcinogen)
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
  
• Target Organs: Nasal cavities, lungs, skin
  
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.01-0.05
  • Bone/p.p.m: <0.7
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.02-1.8
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 1-2
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.3-0.5 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 15 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Axel F Cronstedt
• Discovery Location: Stockholm Sweden
• Discovery Year: 1751
• Name Origin:

  German: kupfernickel (Devil's copper).

• Abundance of Nickel:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 80
  • Seawater/p.p.m.:
    • Atlantic Suface: 0.0001
    • Atlantic Deep: 0.0004
    • Pacific Surface: 0.0001
    • Pacific Deep: 0.00057
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 1910000
• Sources of Nickel:

  Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)₉S₈] and garnierite ores. Annual world production is over 1,300,000 tons. The primary mining areas are Russia, South Africa, Australia, New Caledonia, Cuba, Indonesia, USA and Canada.

• Uses of Nickel:

  Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel-cadmium batteries; as a catalyst and for coins.

• Additional Notes:

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Notes below

Nickel Menu

• Nickel Page One
  • Overview of Nickel
  • Nickel's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Nickel
  • Chemical Properties of Nickel
  • Physical Properties of Nickel
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Nickel Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Nickel Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Nickel

Related Resources

• Anatomy of the Atom
  Answers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.
• Molarity, Molality and Normality
  Introduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.
• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
  Molar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.
• Chemical Database
  This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Nickel – Ni. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2009. Accessed on-line: 1/6/2009
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ni.html
.